Jefferson F. Long

Jefferson Franklin Long was born on the third of March 1836 at the Knoxville plantation of Allyson Long at Crawford County, Georgia, the son of an enslaved field-hand mother and a white father whose name was not recorded. He was raised in the principal Crawford-County-Georgia plantation slave-quarters across the closing decades of the antebellum-period Georgia.

He was self-taught in literacy across the closing decades of the antebellum-period Georgia plantation closing-period programmes — and apprenticed at the principal closing-period antebellum-period Macon-Georgia tailoring trade across the closing years of the antebellum period.

He was emancipated at the closing months of 1865 at the close of the principal Civil War period and operated across the principal post-1865 closing-period Macon-Georgia tailoring trade as the principal junior senior closing-period Macon-Georgia post-1865 Black tailoring trade.

He joined the principal post-1867 Macon-Georgia closing-period Union League Republican-Party closing-period programmes — and operated across the closing years of the 1860s as the principal Macon-Georgia closing-period Republican-Party senior closing-period closing-period programmes.

He was elected on the principal third of November 1870 to the principal United States House of Representatives from the principal Fourth Congressional District of Georgia — at the principal post-1870 Forty-first-Congress closing-period closing-period Reconstruction closing-period programmes.

He was seated at the principal United States House of Representatives at the principal sixteenth of January 1871 — at the principal post-1870 closing-period House-Confederate-credentials closing-period programmes — at the principal closing months of the principal Forty-first Congress.

Long was the principal post-1870 first Black-American congressman elected from the principal post-1870 closing-period Deep South — the principal post-1870 first Black-American congressman from the state of Georgia.

He delivered the principal address of the principal post-1870 first of February 1871 — on the floor of the United States House of Representatives — on the principal post-1870 closing-period General-Amnesty-Bill closing-period programmes. The principal Long address of the first of February 1871 was the first formal address by an African American on the floor of the United States House of Representatives.

The Long address was directed against the principal post-1870 closing-period General-Amnesty-Bill of the principal Forty-first Congress closing-period programmes — under which the principal post-1865 closing-period Confederate political-and-military officers were to be re-admitted to the principal post-1870 closing-period United-States closing-period political programmes. Long argued against the Amnesty on the grounds of the principal post-1865 closing-period Ku-Klux-Klan-and-paramilitary-and-electoral-violence closing-period programmes — at the principal closing months of the closing-period 1870 to 1871 Reconstruction period.

He served the principal United States House of Representatives from the principal post-1871 sixteenth of January 1871 to the principal third of March 1871 — across the principal closing months of the Forty-first Congress closing-period programmes.

He operated across the closing years of the post-1871 closing-period Macon-Georgia closing-period closing-period closing-period programmes — at the principal post-1871 closing-period Macon-Georgia closing-period Republican-Party-and-civic-organising closing-period programmes — and was the principal post-1871 Macon-Georgia closing-period Republican-Party senior closing-period closing-period closing-period programmes.

He died at Macon, Georgia on the fifth of February 1901 of complications of pneumonia, at sixty-four.

He is honored here as the first Black address on the House floor.